

Confirmability (i.e., the steps to ensure that the data and findings are not due to the participant and/or researcher bias)Ĭonfirmability is like objectivity in quantitative studies however, objectivity is not necessarily critical for qualitative studies as long as personal biases are unpacked in the write-up. For students, this would be your committee. Typically, an inquiry audit using an outside reviewer assures dependability. Dependability can be ensured through rigorous data collection techniques and procedures and analysis that are well documented. Dependability (i.e., an in-depth description of the study procedures and analysis to allow the study to be replicated)ĭependability is like reliability in quantitative studies. Transferability can be achieved by a “thick description” of the findings from multiple data collection methods. Transferability addresses the applicability of the findings to similar contexts or individuals not to broader contexts. Transferability is like generalizability in quantitative however, it is not generalizability.


Transferability (I.e., the extent to which the findings are transferable to other situations) This may be done through data, investigator, or theoretical triangulation participant validation or member checks or the rigorous techniques used to gather the data. The credibility of qualitative data can be assured through multiple perspectives throughout data collection to ensure data are appropriate. Credibility (i.e., data collected is accurate/representative of the phenomenon under study)Ĭredibility corresponds to the notion of validity in quantitative work but is more about internal validity.

Qualitative researchers are required to articulate evidence of four primary criteria to ensure the trustworthiness of the study’s findings: credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.
